Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

In the 2023, the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Saudi Arabia was SAR 3.5 trillion (at constant prices). The economic activity with the highest real GDP registered in this period was Mining & Quarrying, with a total of SAR 917.8 billion, representing 26.5% of the total GDP.

This graph shows the annual evolution of the Gross Domestic Product at constant prices in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Note: The Real GDP and Seasonally Adjusted Real GDP are calculated by Gastat using the Chain-Linked Methodology.

In March 2024, the annual inflation rate was 1.6%. The subindex that recorded the highest annual inflation rate was housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels (8.8%), while the lowest annual inflation rate was recorded for clothing and footwear (-4.0%).

The graph shows the consumer price index recorded in March 2024, by expenditure category.

In March 2024, the annual inflation rate reached 3.8%. The commodity that recorded the highest WPI was Other transportable goods, except metal products, machinery and equipment transportable goods (9.2%), while the lowest WPI was recorded for Ores and Minerals (-2.2%).

The graph shows the wholesale price index recorded in March 2024 by main group.

Saudi Arabia’s Industrial Production Index increased by 1.0% in February 2024 compared to previous month.

Mining and Quarrying increased by 0.6% in February 2024 compared to the previous month, while Manufacturing Industry increased by 1.2%. Electricity Supply recorded an increased of 7.6% and Water Supply had an increased of 2.1%.

The graph shows the monthy percentage change in the Industrial Production Index (IPI) by economic activity.

In March 2024, the Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) for Saudi Arabia recorded a value of 57, below the previous month's figure of 57.2.

The graph depicts the monthly evolution of the Purchasing Managers' Index, a key economic indicator that assesses the health of the non-oil economy by surveying purchasing managers across various industries. A PMI reading above 50 generally indicates expansion, while a reading below 50 suggests contraction, reflecting changes since the previous month.

The Kingdom's non-oil revenues reached SAR 457.7 billion in 2023, while oil revenues reached a total of SAR 754.6 billion. The expenditures amounted to SAR 1.3 trillion, of which SAR 186.5 billion were capital expenditures and SAR 1.1 trillion were current expenditures. This resulted in a deficit of SAR 80.9 billion.

The graph shows the annual evolution of government expenditures and revenues, with the line representing the deficit or surplus each year.

During 2023, the money supply of Saudi Arabia reached SAR 2.7 trillion, representing a 7.6% growth with respect to 2022.

The graph shows the annual evolution of money supply (M3) in Saudi Arabia over time.

* Money supply (M3) includes residents' foreign currency deposits, marginal deposits for LCs, outstanding remittances, and banks Repo transactions with the private sector.

During 2023, the Repo Rate was registered at 6.0%, while the Reverse Repo Rate reached 5.5%. On its part, the Saudi Interbank Offered Rates (3-month average) reached 5.9%.

The graph presents the annual evolution of the Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate and Saudi Interbank Offered Rates over time.

In 2023, the total lending to the public sector amounted to SAR 687.0 billion, comprising SAR 146.7 billion in bank credits to public sector enterprises, and SAR 540.3 billion in government and quasi-government bonds.

The graph shows the evolution of bank claims on the public sector.

In 2023, the total lending to the private sector amounted to SAR 2.5 trillion, comprising SAR 2.4 trillion in loans, advances, and overdrafts, SAR 18.8 billion in discounted bills, and SAR 81.8 billion in investments in private securities.

The graph shows the evolution of bank claims on the private sector.

The total bank deposits reached SAR 2.5 trillion during 2023. The distribution of these deposits were concentrated mainly on demand deposits (SAR 1.3 trillion), followed by time deposits & savings (SAR 864.1 billion) and quasi-money (SAR 297.1 billion).

The graph shows the annual evolution of bank deposits over time, categorized by type.

* Quasi-money includes residents' foreign currency deposits, marginal deposits for LCs, outstanding remittances, and banks Repo transactions with private sector.

During 2023, the bank credits in Saudi Arabia reached a total value of SAR 2.6 trillion. Out of this total, SAR 1.2 trillion were allocated to personal loans, SAR 250.6 billion to real estate activities, and SAR 179.3 billion to wholesale and retail trade, making these three activities the top three in terms of credit allocation.

The graph presents the annual evolution of bank credits over time by economic activity (ISIC4).

In 2023, SAR 614.0 billion were recorded in point of sale transactions, being higher by 9.8% compared to the previous period.

The graph shows the annual evolution of points of sale transactions in terms of sales in Saudi Arabia.

In 2023 the cities that recorded the highest sales at transaction points were Riyadh (SAR 200.4 billion), Jeddah (SAR 87.8 billion), and Dammam (SAR 31.0 billion).

The graph shows sales at transaction points in the main cities of Saudi Arabia.

In 2023, 15,954 Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) were registered in Saudi Arabia, 1.8% less than the previous year.

The graph shows the annual evolution of the number of ATMs in Saudi Arabia.

In 2023, SAR 548.8 billion in cash withdrawals were recorded in Saudi Arabia, of which 38.6% were made in banks (SAR 211.7 billion) and 61.4% were made through Mada (SAR 337.1 billion).

The graph shows the cash withdrawals made in Saudi Arabia, differentiating between those made by banks and those made with Mada

In February 2024, merchandise exports reached SAR 95.0 billion, while merchandise imports were SAR 63.1 billion. As a result, the trade balance resulted in a surplus of SAR 31.9 billion.

The graph shows the monthly evolution of merchandise exports and imports in Saudi Arabia.

Non-oil exports in February 2024 reached a total of SAR 21.9 billion. The main exports were Products of The Chemical and Allied Industries (SAR 5.5 billion), Plastics and Articles Thereof; Rubber and Articles Thereof (SAR 5.3 billion), and Machinery and Mechanical Appliances; Electrical Equipment; Parts Thereof (SAR 3.6 billion).

The main non-oil export destinations during February 2024 were United Arab Emirates (SAR 4.5 billion), China (SAR 1.7 billion), and India (SAR 1.6 billion).

In 2023, goods and services amounted to SAR 297.8 billion, the primary income was SAR 21.9 billion and the secondary income was SAR -191.9 billion.

In that period the current account balance was SAR 127.8 billion, being lower than the value of the previous year (SAR 568.2 billion).

The graph illustrates the annual evolution of current accounts, with the line representing the current account balance.

In 2023, the direct investment was SAR 14.1 billion, the portfolio investment was SAR 158.8 billion, the reserve assets were SAR -86.0 billion and the amount of other investments was SAR -11.3 billion.

In the same period the financial accounts balance was SAR 75.6 billion, being lower than the value of the previous year (SAR 477.6 billion).

The graph shows the evolution of financial accounts by year and the line represents the balance of the financial accounts.

In 2023 the capital account balance was SAR -24.8 billion, being lower than the value of the previous year (SAR -14.7 billion).

The graph shows the evolution of capital accounts balance by year.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the reserve assets of Saudi Arabia amounted to a total of SAR 1.6 trillion. Out of this total, SAR 1.6 billion are stored in monetary gold, SAR 78.4 billion in SDR, SAR 13.9 billion in reserve position in the IMF, SAR 558.8 billion in foreign currency and deposits abroad, and SAR 985.7 billion in investments in foreign securities.

The total reserve assets have presented an overall decrease of 0.6% compared to the previous quarter.

The chart shows the total reserve assets of Saudi Arabia by quarter.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the FDI net inflow amounted to 13.2 billion of SAR, showing an increase by 16.1% compared to the previous quarter.

On the other hand, the FDI net outflow amounted to 5.9 billion of SAR presenting a decrease of 25.7% compared to the previous quarter.

The chart shows the evolution of the FDI net inflows and net outflows over time.

Note:

FDI inflows: Financial transactions that arise between the FDI institution, direct investors and related companies outside the Saudi economy, which occur during a certain period of time, and form inflows when their positive impact appears in excess of equity and/or debt instruments.

FDI outflows: These are financial transactions that arise between the Foreign Direct Investment Corporation, direct investors, and related companies outside the Saudi economy, and which occur during a certain period of time. They are outflows when their impact appears in a decrease in the side of obligations, such as paid dividends or repayment of loans and credit receivables, or when the foreign shareholder exits.

FDI net inflow: It represents the difference between inflows and outflows of foreign direct investment inflows.

In 2023 workers' remittances reached an amount of SAR 141.9 billion, being lower in 2.5% than the previous year.

The graph shows the annual evolution of workers' remittances.

In 2021, the real price of Arabian Light oil was $55.5 per barrel.

Compared to North Sea (Brent) oil, whose price was $55.7, Arabian Light oil was priced 0.4% lower, while when compared to OPEC basket oil whose price was $54.9, Arabian Light oil was priced 1.1% higher.

The graph shows the annual evolution of the real oil price in dollars per barrel.

Saudi exports of crude oil in 2021 reached 2,273 million barrels. The main destination of these exports was Asia and Far East, accounting for 77.0% of the total exports, followed by Western Europe (8.4%), North America (7.1%), Middle East (3.5%), Africa (2.8%), and South America (1.1%).

The visualization shows the annual evolution of Saudi exports of crude oil by destination.

In 2021, crude oil production in Saudi Arabia reached a total of 3,331 million barrels, being 1.2% lower than the previous period.

The graph shows the annual evolution of crude oil production in Saudi Arabia and its percentage change.

Electricity consumption in the Kingdom during 2022 was 298,701,592 Megawatts/h, with residential consumption (142,449,919 Megawatts/h) standing out, followed by industrial consumption (52,860,205 Megawatts/h) and commercial consumption (50,983,824 Megawatts/h). You can check the consumption by zones in the graph.

The visualization shows the electricity consumption (in Megawatts/h) by zone and type of consumption.

In 2022, the water consumption in Saudi Arabia was 3.56 billion cubic meters. The administrative regions with the highest water consumption were Al-Riyadh (1.13 billion cubic meters), Makkah Al-Mokarramah (832 million cubic meters), and Eastern Region (657 million cubic meters).

The visualization corresponds to a map of Saudi Arabia divided into administrative regions and colored according to the water consumption (cubic meters).

In 2022, the total operating revenues of the various economic activities in Saudi Arabia reached SAR 5.1 trillion, with Mining and quarrying being the activity with the highest registered revenue (SAR 1.5 trillion, 29.2% of the total).

In the same year, the total operating expenses were SAR 2.0 trillion, with Manufacturing being the activity with the highest registered expense (SAR 819.1 billion, 40.6% of the total).

The visualization shows the operating revenues and expenses of different economic activities.

In 2022, 9,072,298 employees were registered in Saudi Arabia.

The economic activities with the most employees in that year were Construction (2,460,230) and Wholesale & retail trade; repair of motor vehicles (1,626,050). On the other hand, the activities with fewer registered employees were Electricity, gas supply (39,390) and Arts, entertainment & recreation (32,338).

The graph shows the number of employees by economic activity for the selected year.

In 2022, gross fixed capital formation in Saudi Arabia was SAR 424.9 billion.

The economic divisions that concentrated the greatest gross fixed capital formation were Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas (SAR 104.0 billion, 24.5% of the total), Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (SAR 44.4 billion, 10.4% of the total) and Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products (SAR 40.4 billion, 9.5% of the total)

The graph shows the gross fixed capital formation by economic activity in Saudi Arabia.

In 2022, there were a total of 282,320 new individual proprietorships in the Kingdom. Out of this total, 79,397 were registered in Al-Riyadh, 64,844 in Makkah Al-Mokarramah and 38,424 in Eastern Region.

The visualization shows the number of new individual proprietorships recorded in the Kingdom by region during the year selected in the timeline below.

Notably, the industry groups that displayed the most significant annual growth of the Tadawul index during that period were Capital Goods, which surged by 93.9%, and Software and Services, which recorded an impressive growth of 85.5%.

The graph shows the year-over-year growth of the TASI sub-indices by month within different industry groups.

In March 2024, the price/earning ratio in the Saudi Stock Market was 17.1, which is 2.3% lower than the previous month's ratio of 17.5.

However, compared to the same month previous year, the price/earning ratio grew by 35.7%, increasing from 12.6 to 17.1.

The graph shows the monthly evolution of the Price/Earnings ratio.

In March 2024, the earnings per share in Saudi Arabia remained unchanged from the previous month at SAR 1.8.

However, compared to the same month previous year, the earnings per share decreased by 31.9%, falling from SAR 2.6 to SAR 1.8.

The graph shows the monthly evolution of the earnings per share.

The countries that received the largest amounts of humanitarian aid from Saudi Arabia were Republic of Yemen (16.5 billion US dollars), Syria (3.14 billion US dollars), and Egypt (2.39 billion US dollars).

The graph shows the distribution of humanitarian aid amounts by the country of destination.

*Data accumulated through December 2022.

The sectors that benefited the most from humanitarian aid were Humanitarian aid and emergency relief (18.4 billion US dollars), Transport (7.27 billion US dollars), and Agriculture (3.31 billion US dollars).

The graph shows the humanitarian aid received by different sectors.

*Data accumulated through December 2022.

In 2022 the population density of Saudi Arabia was 16.5 people per square kilometer. The regions that concentrated the largest population density were Jazan (105 people per square kilometer), Makkah Al-Mokarramah (57.5 people per square kilometer), and Al-Baha (30.2 people per square kilometer).

The graph corresponds to a map of Saudi Arabia divided into administrative regions and colored according to the population density of each region.

In 2022, the female population was concentrated in the age range of 5 - 9 years, with 1,354,766 women, corresponding to 10.8% of the total female population. For its part, the male population was concentrated in the age range of 30 - 34 years, with a total of 2,641,972 men, representing 13.4% of the total male population.

The graph corresponds to a population pyramid that shows the male and female population by age range.

During 2022, the female population in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia showed an increase of 2.3% compared to the previous year, while the male population showed an increase of 5.6%.

Overall, the population in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has increased by 4.3%, going from 30,784,383 people in 2021 to 32,175,224 people in 2022.

The graph shows the evolution of the population in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by gender.

In 2022, the total Non-Saudi population of Saudi Arabia reached 13,382,962 people. Among this population, 15.8% were nationals from Bangladesh (2,116,192 people), 14.1% were from India (1,884,476 people), and 13.6% were from Pakistan (1,814,678 people).

The chart shows the nationalities represented among the total Non-Saudi population of Saudi Arabia.

In 2022, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia registered a total of 417,155 births among Saudi mothers, of which 400,099 were single births, 16,160 were twins, and 896 were triplets or more.

The highest number of births was observed among Saudi females in the age group of 25 - 29 years old, with a total of 116,083 newborns.

The chart presents the number of births classified by the age group of the mothers, and grouped by single and multiple births (twins, triplets or more).

The dependency ratio represents the average number of economically dependent individuals per 100 people within the working-age group.

In 2022, the overall dependency ratio in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was registered at 37.3%, with a children dependency ratio of 33.7% and an elderly dependency ratio of 3.7%.

The chart shows the overall dependency ratio for total population by region.

In 2022, 55% of the total population in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was married, 2.4% divorced, 2.2% widowed and 40.4% never married.

You can review the marital status of the total population of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by age group in the graph and use the buttons above to change the gender and nationality of the data presented.

In 2022, 55.0% of the total population at marriageable age in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were married. Among these, 16.0% of the individuals between the ages of 15 to 29 years old were married.

The proportion of total males at marriageable age that were married was 54.0%, while among total women was 56.6%.

The graph shows the population pyramid with the number of married men and women at marriageable age in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by age range, for Saudi and Non-Saudi population.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the labor force participation rate among Saudis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia reached 51.3%, with a breakdown of 35.5% for Saudi women and 66.6% for Saudi men.

The graph shows the quarterly evolution of the labor force participation by gender in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Saudi population).

In 2022, the profession with the highest average salary in the private sector for Saudi women was scientific, technical and human specialists, with an average of SAR 7.8 thousand. For its part, the profession with the highest average salary in the private sector for Saudi men was scientific, technical and human specialists, with an average salary of SAR 15.4 thousand.

The graph shows the average salary in the private sector for different professions grouped by gender (Saudis).

In the fourth quarter of 2023, 1,437,099 of female employees were registered in GOSI, 525,061 in Civil Services and 1,109,778 as domestic workers, reaching a total of 3,071,938 female workers in Saudi Arabia. For its part, 9,405,634 of male employees were registered in GOSI, 693,197 in Civil Services and 2,716,735 as domestic workers, for a total of 12,815,566 male workers.

The regions that presented the highest number of female employees registered in GOSI and Civil Services were Al-Riyadh (901,273 employees), Makkah Al-Mokarramah (361,381 employees), and Eastern Region (287,759 employees). In the case of male employees, the regions with the highest number of registered workers were Al-Riyadh (4,582,538 employees), Eastern Region (1,885,557 employees), and Makkah Al-Mokarramah (1,777,688 employees).

The chart shows the number of employees registered in GOSI and Civil Services in Saudi Arabia during the fourth quarter of 2023.

* Data for domestic workers is only available at the national level.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the occupations that registered the highest number of employees in Saudi Arabia were Elementary occupations (4,050,778 employees), Professionals (1,506,718 employees), and Craft and related trades workers (1,270,230 employees).

The chart shows the number of employees in by region and occupation.

* There are cases of subscribers working more than one job and in different professions, hence these may be counted more than once depending on the subscription, not the participant.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the economic activities that registered the highest number of employees in Saudi Arabia were Construction (2,617,187 employees), Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (1,616,873 employees), and Manufacturing (1,211,398 employees).

The chart shows the total number of employees by region.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the unemployment rate of Saudis in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia reached 7.7%. In particular, the Saudi female unemployment rate was 13.7%, while the Saudi male unemployment rate was 4.6%.

The graph shows the quarterly evolution of the unemployment rate by gender of the Saudi population in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment.

In fourth quarter of 2023, Saudi female youth unemployment rate was 22.7% and Saudi male youth unemployment rate was 13.8%. You can review other age groups in the graph.

The graph shows the unemployment rate by sex and age groups by quarter in Saudi Arabia (Saudi population).

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the highest unemployment rate for Saudi women was recorded for those with an education level of bachelor’s or equivalent level (16.6%). On the other hand, the highest unemployment rate in Saudi men was registered in those who had an educational level of post-secondary non-tertiary education (6.2%).

The graph shows the percentage of the labor force with different levels of education who are unemployed (Saudi population).

In 2022 the number of job seekers of Saudi Arabia was 324,936. The regions that concentrated the largest number of job seekers were Al-Riyadh (80,005 job seekers), Makkah Al-Mokarramah (73,633 job seekers), and Eastern Region (43,927 job seekers).

The graph corresponds to a map of Saudi Arabia divided into administrative regions and colored according to the number of job seekers.

In 2022, the number of housing units occupied by Saudi households in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were distributed as follows: 1,584,719 were an apartment in a multi-story building (38.2% of the total), 1,185,188 were a villa (28.5% of the total), 513,760 were a traditional house (12.4% of the total), 408,826 were a floor in a villa (9.8% of the total), and 321,939 were an apartment in a villa (7.8% of the total).

The graph shows housing units (occupied by Saudi households) by type of housing in different years in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Most total dwellings concentrate in Makkah Al-Mokarramah (3,260,806 dwellings, 26.3% of the total), Al-Riyadh (3,123,246 dwellings, 25.2% of the total), and Eastern Region (1,902,754 dwellings, 15.3% of the total).

The graph shows a map of Saudi Arabia divided into administrative regions and colored according to the number of dwellings for each type of dwelling selected.

In 2022, the number of households in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, was 8,174,674. The biggest number of households was located in Al-Riyadh.

In that year, the number of male-headed households was 7,175,120, representing 87.8% of the total.

The graph shows the number of households by administrative region, grouped by nationality or gender, according to the selected button.

In 2024, the Real Estate Price Index of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia reached 83, an increase of 0.6% compared to the previous year.

The chart shows the Real Estate Price Index and the year-on-year rate of change in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

General real estate price index increased by 0.6% during the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same quarter in the previous year.

The graph shows the percentage change in the Real Estate Price Index (YoY) by sector and type of real estate in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

In 2022, there were a total of 502,189 workers registered in the health sector in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The personnel was distributed as follows: 200,558 nurses, 138,362 assistant health employees, 129,229 physicians, and 34,040 pharmacists.

The graph shows the annual evolution of health sector employees in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

In 2022, the average Saudi life expectancy was 77.9 years, being 80.9 years for females and 75.3 years for males.

Compared to the previous year, the overall life expectancy increased by 1.9 years, with female life expectancy showing an increase of 1.7 years, while male life expectancy increased by 2 years.

The graph shows the Saudi life expectacy, by gender and overall, over the years.

In 2022, the total number of students in Saudi Arabia was 5,999,899. The administrative regions with the highest number of students were Al-Riyadh (1,430,320 students), Makkah Al-Mokarramah (1,365,956 students), and Eastern Region (882,155 students).

The visualization corresponds to a map of Saudi Arabia divided into administrative regions and colored according to the the number of students.

In 2017, the illiteracy rate for females in Saudi Arabia was 7.3%, while the illiteracy rate among males was 2.9%. Jazan region recorded the highest illiteracy rate among females at 18.1%, also registering the highest illiteracy rate among males at 6.9%.

The graph shows the illiteracy rate in 2017 by region and gender in Saudi Arabia.

In 2017, the highest expenditure on education was registered in Al-Riyadh with SAR 6.3 billion, distributed in tuition fees (SAR 3.2 billion), other (SAR 1.3 billion), school supplies (SAR 1.1 billion), school transfer (SAR 408.5 million), and private tuition (SAR 259.6 million).

The graph shows the Saudi household expenditure on education by administrative area and type of expenditure.

In 2021, 185,637 graduates were registered in Bachelor degree, 185,637 graduates in Bachelor degree, 26,237 graduates in Intermediate Diploma, 14,698 graduates in Master, 4,533 graduates in Higher Diploma, 1,749 graduates in Ph.D., and 812 graduates in Fellowship. You can see the distribution by gender in the graph.

The graph shows the distribution of graduates by educational group and gender in the year selected on the timeline.